This buildup of plaque and the injury it causes is called atherosclerosis. These two blood vessels extend through each side of the neck.Ĭarotid artery disease occurs when plaque (a build-up of fat, cholesterol and other substances) collects and forms along the walls of the carotid arteries. The carotid arteries are the two main arteries that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain. An abnormal thickening of the artery walls may signal the development of cardiovascular disease. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) US uses ultrasound pictures of the carotid arteries to measure the thickness of the two innermost layers (the intima and media) of the carotid artery walls and to help identify plaque buildup.estimate the diameter of a blood vessel and degree of obstruction, if present.
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